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Joined: 13 Mar 2011
Posts: 198
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 Posted: Wed Apr 27, 2011 7:47 am Post subject: Other difficulties |
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Pedro I encountered a number of crises during his reign. A secessionist rebellion in the province of Cisplatina in late 1825 and the subsequent attempt by the United Provinces of South America (later Argentina) to annex Cisplatina led the Empire into "a long, inglorious, and ultimately futile war in the south".[15] In March 1826, Joćo VI died and Pedro I inherited the Portuguese crown, briefly becoming King Pedro IV of Portugal before abdicating in favor of his eldest daughter, Maria II.[16] The situation worsened in 1828 when the war in the south ended with Brazil's loss of Cisplatina, which would become the independent republic of Uruguay.[17] During the same year in Lisbon, Maria II's throne was usurped by Prince Miguel, Pedro I's younger brother.[18]
Other difficulties arose when the Empire's parliament, the General Assembly, opened in 1826. Pedro I, along with a significant percentage of the legislature, argued that Brazil's constitution should provide for an independent judiciary and a popularly elected legislature, which would be presided over by a head of state (the Emperor) who held broad executive powers and prerogatives.[19] Others in parliament wanted the monarch to be circumscribed in a more ceremonial role, with the legislature dominant in policy and governance.[20] The struggle over whether the government would be dominated by a social elite or by representatives of the broader citizenry was carried over into debates from 1826 to 1831 on the establishment of the governmental and political structure.[15] Unable to deal with the problems in both Brazil and Portugal simultaneously, the Emperor abdicated on behalf of his son, Pedro II, on 7 April 1831 and immediately sailed for Europe to restore his daughter to her throne.[21
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